What is Frozen Shoulder

Frozen shoulder, medically known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition characterised by pain and significant stiffness in the shoulder joint. It develops when the connective tissue surrounding the shoulder capsule becomes inflamed and tightens, restricting movement. The condition typically progresses through three stages — freezing, frozen, and thawing — over a period of months to years. It affects approximately 2–5% of the population, most commonly between the ages of 40 and 60 (Zuckerman & Rokito, 2011).

Common Causes

  • Postural strain or prolonged shoulder immobility after injury or surgery.
  • Underlying conditions such as diabetes or thyroid disorders.
  • Shoulder trauma or repetitive overuse.
  • Inflammation or degeneration within the rotator cuff or joint capsule.

Treatment Options

WCCC management may include:

  • Gentle chiropractic adjustments and mobilisation techniques to restore joint movement.
  • Soft tissue therapy to reduce muscle tightness and improve circulation.
  • Specific stretching and rehabilitation exercises to regain range of motion.
  • Postural education and ergonomic advice to reduce strain on the shoulder.
  • Collaboration with other healthcare providers when additional care (e.g. imaging or injection therapy) is indicated.

References:

  • Zuckerman JD, Rokito A. Frozen shoulder: a consensus definition. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2011;20(2):322–325.
  • Wong CK, et al. Clinical outcomes of conservative treatments for frozen shoulder: a systematic review. J Rehabil Med. 2017;49(9):780–787.