What is a Disc Herniation?

A disc herniation (commonly referred to as a “slipped” or “bulging” disc) occurs when the soft, gel-like centre of an intervertebral disc protrudes through its outer layer. This can irritate or compress nearby spinal nerves, leading to pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness that may radiate into the arms or legs. Disc injuries most often occur in the lower back (lumbar spine) or neck (cervical spine). The estimated annual incidence is around 5–20 cases per 1,000 adults (Jordan et al., 2011).

Common Causes

  • Poor posture or repetitive strain from prolonged sitting or lifting.
  • Sudden heavy lifting or twisting movements.
  • Age-related disc degeneration.
  • Previous spinal injury or trauma.
  • Weak core or spinal stabilising muscles.

Treatment Options

WCCC management may include:

  • Gentle chiropractic adjustments and spinal mobilisation to improve joint function and reduce nerve irritation.
  • Targeted soft tissue therapy to ease muscle spasm and support healing.
  • Exercise and rehabilitation programs to strengthen the core and stabilise the spine.
  • Postural and ergonomic guidance to prevent recurrence.
  • Collaboration with GPs or imaging referrals when advanced assessment is required.

References:

  • Jordan J, et al. Herniated lumbar disc. BMJ Clin Evid. 2011;2011:1118.
  • Foster NE, et al. Prevention and treatment of low back pain: evidence, challenges, and promising directions. Lancet. 2018;391(10137):2368–2383.